Main Article Content
Abstract
Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 has significantly reshaped the discourse on Indonesia’s electoral system by mandating the separation of national and regional elections. While the ruling is presented as a constitutional effort to enhance electoral integrity and administrative effectiveness, it simultaneously raises fundamental concerns regarding legal certainty, particularly in relation to the tenure of members of the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD). This study examines the Court’s constitutional reasoning (ratio decidendi) underlying the separation of election schedules and critically assesses its implications for democratic legitimacy and the principle of electoral periodicity. Employing a normative juridical approach that integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based analysis, this article demonstrates that although the decision may be justified as electoral reform, it risks producing constitutional distortion by blurring the boundary between judicial interpretation and norm creation. Without clear transitional safeguards, the ruling threatens to undermine popular sovereignty and legal certainty in Indonesia’s constitutional framework.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Ahmad Ari Fatullah, M. M. A., & Meladiah, R. (2025). Implikasi Konstitusional dan Sistemik: Analisis Putusan MK Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Pilkada. ELQONUN: Jurnal Hukum Ketatanegaraan, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/elqonun.v3i1.30988
- Alfattah, H., & Wardhani, L. T. A. L. (2025). An inconsistent corrective path: The Constitutional Court’s role as a positive legislator in designing Indonesia’s simultaneous elections. International Jurnal of Law, Crime and Justice, 2(3). https://international.appihi.or.id/index.php/IJLCJ/article/view/758
- Almunawar, A. (2025). Implikasi Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Lokal. Jurnal Hukum Berkeadaban, 1(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.71094/jhb.v1i1.48
- Anna Młynarska-Sobaczewska, & Zaleśny, J. (2024). On The Myta Of Electeral accountability. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia V, 33(1). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.17951/sil.2024.33.1.159-178
- Apwan Riadi Parapat, K. (2025). Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Pemilu Daerah Perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah. QANUN: Journal of Islamic Laws and Studies, 4(1).
- Arifin, F., Maarif, I., Astawa, I. G. P., Abdullah, M. K., & Bahri, R. A. (2025). en Legal Policy Criteria in the Constitutional Court Decision: An Open Legal Policy Criteria in the Constitutional Court Decision: An Evaluation and Recommendation. Padjajdaran Journal of Law, 12(2). https://journal.unpad.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1335&context=pjih
- Charles C. Starger. (2013). The Dialectic of stare Decisis Doctrine. In Precedent in the United States Supreme Court. springer Netherlands. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7951-8_2
- Defretes, D. A., & Kleden, K. L. (2023). EFEKTIVITAS PEMILIHAN UMUM SERENTAK TAHUN 2024. JHP 17 (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian), 8(2). https://doi.org/http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/jhp17
- Drugda, Simon; Albert, Richard; Landau, David; Faraguna, P. (2019). I·CONnect-Clough Center 2018 Global Review of Constitutional Law. In Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy at Boston College. 2019. www.iconnectblog.com %7C www.bc.edu/cloughcenter
- Dwi Astrianti Defretes, K. L. K. (n.d.). EFEKTIVITAS PEMILIHAN UMUM SERENTAK TAHUN 2024. JHP 17 (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian), 8(2). http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/jhp17
- Fatih, S. Al, & Nur, A. I. (2023). Does the Constitutional Court on Local Election Responsive Decisions ? Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.74
- Fikriya, M., Sulastri, D., Kania, D., & Rizqia, R. N. (2024). Examining the Role of Indonesia’s Constitutional Court as a Positive Legislator Menelaah Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia sebagai Legislator Positif. Section Constitutional Law, 12(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.1022
- Gunawan, G., Guntara, D., & Abas, M. (2025). Implikasi konstitusional Putusan MK Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang pemisahan Pemilu nasional dan daerah. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik, 6(1), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v6i1.6351
- Hatim, A., Harijanti, S. D., & Taufik, G. A. (2024). The Idea of Presidential Term Limit as an Implicit Unamendable Provision. Jurnal Kostitusi, 21(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2142
- Heroik Mutaqin Pratama, A. P. (2021). Judicialization of Politics in Indonesia’s Electoral System: Case Study Judicial Review on Threshold, Balloting Structure, and Simultaneous Election at Constitutional Court. Politik Indonesia Indonesian Political Science Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v6i3.32599 © 2021 Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review
- Hirschl, R. (2024). Comparative Constitutional Law: Reflection on a Field Transformed.
- Ilhami, H. Y. (2025). KEKOSONGAN NORMA DALAM PENUNJUKAN PENJABAT DPRD PASCA PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 143/PUU-XXI/2023: TINJAUAN HUKUM TATA NEGARA Authors. Sinergi ; Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 2(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1629
- Jurdi, S. (2023). INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF GENERAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2024 ELECTION. Jurnal Politik Profetik, 10(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/profetik.v10i2a6
- Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. (2024). Kilas Pemilu Tahun 2024. https://www.kpu.go.id/page/read/1136/kilas-pemilu-tahun-2024
- Kurniawan, B., Tehtae, S., Nugroho, J., Ibrahim, A., Asir, A., & Purwanti, H. (2025). Controversies Surrounding the Constitutional Court’s Role as a Positive Legislator. Fenomena Journal of the Social Sciences, 24(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v24i1.192
- Lahaji, & Maulasa, A. (2023). The Integration of One-Stop Integrated Service Policy in the Religious Judicial System in Indonesia. Al-Ulum, 23(1), 240–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30603/au.v23i1.4132
- M. Mohsin Alam Bhat. (2021). Governing Democracy Outside the Law: India’s ElectionCommission and the Challenge of Accou. Asian Journal of Comparative Law. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/asjcl.2021.30
- Marali SA, R. E. (2025). Penerapan batas Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Memutus Norma yang bersifat Opened Legal Policy. Legal Advice Journal Of Law, 2(2), 59–72.
- mardianto k. (2025). Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Anggota Legislatif dalam Bingkai Demokrasi Konstitusional. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(8).
- Mhd. Ansor Lubis, Muhammad Yasin Ali Gea, N. M. (2022). Penerapan Asas Pemilu Terhadap Electronic Voting (E-Voting) Pada Pemilu Tahun 2024. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 9(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v9i1.6491
- Muhammad Asmawi, L. S. D. (2023). OPTIMIZATION OF SIMP (SOLIDITY, INTEGRITY, MENTALITY, PROFESSIONALITY) ELECTION SUPERVISORS TO ACHIEVE DEMOCRATIC, HONEST AND FAIR ELECTIONS. Jurnal Hukum Replik, 11(2).
- Paulo Roberto Barbosa Ramos, Pedro Nilson Moreira Viana, David Elias Cardoso Câmara, E. V. B. (2023). Transforming Politics: Intersection of Judicial Power, Activism and Legislative Decline in Brazil. Bijing Law Review. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.143065
- Purnomo, C. E. (2022). Refleksi Kekuasaan Konstitusional Presiden Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, 7(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v7i1.92
- Putri, N. D., Triadi, I., & Madjid, M. A. (2025). Postponement of General Elections in Crisis Situations: Legal Analysis, History, and Implications for Democracy. Justisi, 11(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i3.4787
- Rahmita, F. A., Satria, B. C., Aulia, B. K., & Pertiwi, Y. E. (2023). Meningkatkan Kualitas Pemilu Serentak Tahun 2024 melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital. Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi, 3(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19184/j.kk.v3i1.39022
- Sahidin, I. A., Sibuea, H., & Mau, H. A. (2024). Pengaturan Periodesasi Masa Jabatan Anggota DPR RI dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Sebagai Negara Hukum Demokratis. Blantika Multidiciplinary Journal, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57096/blantika.v3i2.272
- Sahidin IA, Sibuea H, M. H. (2024). Pengaturan Periodesasi Masa Jabatan Anggota DPR RI dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Sebagai Negara Hukum Demokratis. Blantika: Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 168-85.
- Satriansyah Den Retno Wardana, Eka N.A.M. Sihombing, T. E. (2023). CONFIGURATION OF A SEGREGATED SIMULTANEOUS ELECTION SYSTEM TO STRENGTHEN THE CHARACTER OF AN INCLUSIVE GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Hukum Replik, 11(2).
- Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji. (2021). Penelitian Hukum Normatif (atau Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat). Rajawali Pers.
- Supandri. (2023). Implikasi Sistem Pemilihan Umum Serentak di Indonesia. Jurnal Neo Respublica. https://neorespublica.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/202/78
References
Ahmad Ari Fatullah, M. M. A., & Meladiah, R. (2025). Implikasi Konstitusional dan Sistemik: Analisis Putusan MK Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Pilkada. ELQONUN: Jurnal Hukum Ketatanegaraan, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/elqonun.v3i1.30988
Alfattah, H., & Wardhani, L. T. A. L. (2025). An inconsistent corrective path: The Constitutional Court’s role as a positive legislator in designing Indonesia’s simultaneous elections. International Jurnal of Law, Crime and Justice, 2(3). https://international.appihi.or.id/index.php/IJLCJ/article/view/758
Almunawar, A. (2025). Implikasi Hukum Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Lokal. Jurnal Hukum Berkeadaban, 1(1), 18–25. https://doi.org/10.71094/jhb.v1i1.48
Anna Młynarska-Sobaczewska, & Zaleśny, J. (2024). On The Myta Of Electeral accountability. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia V, 33(1). https://doi.org/DOI: 10.17951/sil.2024.33.1.159-178
Apwan Riadi Parapat, K. (2025). Analisis Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang Pemisahan Pemilu Nasional dan Pemilu Daerah Perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah. QANUN: Journal of Islamic Laws and Studies, 4(1).
Arifin, F., Maarif, I., Astawa, I. G. P., Abdullah, M. K., & Bahri, R. A. (2025). en Legal Policy Criteria in the Constitutional Court Decision: An Open Legal Policy Criteria in the Constitutional Court Decision: An Evaluation and Recommendation. Padjajdaran Journal of Law, 12(2). https://journal.unpad.ac.id/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1335&context=pjih
Charles C. Starger. (2013). The Dialectic of stare Decisis Doctrine. In Precedent in the United States Supreme Court. springer Netherlands. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7951-8_2
Defretes, D. A., & Kleden, K. L. (2023). EFEKTIVITAS PEMILIHAN UMUM SERENTAK TAHUN 2024. JHP 17 (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian), 8(2). https://doi.org/http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/jhp17
Drugda, Simon; Albert, Richard; Landau, David; Faraguna, P. (2019). I·CONnect-Clough Center 2018 Global Review of Constitutional Law. In Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy at Boston College. 2019. www.iconnectblog.com %7C www.bc.edu/cloughcenter
Dwi Astrianti Defretes, K. L. K. (n.d.). EFEKTIVITAS PEMILIHAN UMUM SERENTAK TAHUN 2024. JHP 17 (Jurnal Hasil Penelitian), 8(2). http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/jhp17
Fatih, S. Al, & Nur, A. I. (2023). Does the Constitutional Court on Local Election Responsive Decisions ? Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.74
Fikriya, M., Sulastri, D., Kania, D., & Rizqia, R. N. (2024). Examining the Role of Indonesia’s Constitutional Court as a Positive Legislator Menelaah Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Indonesia sebagai Legislator Positif. Section Constitutional Law, 12(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v12i1.1022
Gunawan, G., Guntara, D., & Abas, M. (2025). Implikasi konstitusional Putusan MK Nomor 135/PUU-XXII/2024 tentang pemisahan Pemilu nasional dan daerah. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik, 6(1), 629–638. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v6i1.6351
Hatim, A., Harijanti, S. D., & Taufik, G. A. (2024). The Idea of Presidential Term Limit as an Implicit Unamendable Provision. Jurnal Kostitusi, 21(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2142
Heroik Mutaqin Pratama, A. P. (2021). Judicialization of Politics in Indonesia’s Electoral System: Case Study Judicial Review on Threshold, Balloting Structure, and Simultaneous Election at Constitutional Court. Politik Indonesia Indonesian Political Science Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/ipsr.v6i3.32599 © 2021 Politik Indonesia: Indonesian Political Science Review
Hirschl, R. (2024). Comparative Constitutional Law: Reflection on a Field Transformed.
Ilhami, H. Y. (2025). KEKOSONGAN NORMA DALAM PENUNJUKAN PENJABAT DPRD PASCA PUTUSAN MK NOMOR 143/PUU-XXI/2023: TINJAUAN HUKUM TATA NEGARA Authors. Sinergi ; Jurnal Riset Ilmiah, 2(8). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62335/sinergi.v2i8.1629
Jurdi, S. (2023). INSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT OF GENERAL ELECTIONS COMMISSION AND THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 2024 ELECTION. Jurnal Politik Profetik, 10(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24252/profetik.v10i2a6
Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. (2024). Kilas Pemilu Tahun 2024. https://www.kpu.go.id/page/read/1136/kilas-pemilu-tahun-2024
Kurniawan, B., Tehtae, S., Nugroho, J., Ibrahim, A., Asir, A., & Purwanti, H. (2025). Controversies Surrounding the Constitutional Court’s Role as a Positive Legislator. Fenomena Journal of the Social Sciences, 24(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v24i1.192
Lahaji, & Maulasa, A. (2023). The Integration of One-Stop Integrated Service Policy in the Religious Judicial System in Indonesia. Al-Ulum, 23(1), 240–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30603/au.v23i1.4132
M. Mohsin Alam Bhat. (2021). Governing Democracy Outside the Law: India’s ElectionCommission and the Challenge of Accou. Asian Journal of Comparative Law. https://doi.org/doi:10.1017/asjcl.2021.30
Marali SA, R. E. (2025). Penerapan batas Kewenangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam Memutus Norma yang bersifat Opened Legal Policy. Legal Advice Journal Of Law, 2(2), 59–72.
mardianto k. (2025). Pembatasan Masa Jabatan Anggota Legislatif dalam Bingkai Demokrasi Konstitusional. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 6(8).
Mhd. Ansor Lubis, Muhammad Yasin Ali Gea, N. M. (2022). Penerapan Asas Pemilu Terhadap Electronic Voting (E-Voting) Pada Pemilu Tahun 2024. Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum, 9(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jiph.v9i1.6491
Muhammad Asmawi, L. S. D. (2023). OPTIMIZATION OF SIMP (SOLIDITY, INTEGRITY, MENTALITY, PROFESSIONALITY) ELECTION SUPERVISORS TO ACHIEVE DEMOCRATIC, HONEST AND FAIR ELECTIONS. Jurnal Hukum Replik, 11(2).
Paulo Roberto Barbosa Ramos, Pedro Nilson Moreira Viana, David Elias Cardoso Câmara, E. V. B. (2023). Transforming Politics: Intersection of Judicial Power, Activism and Legislative Decline in Brazil. Bijing Law Review. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2023.143065
Purnomo, C. E. (2022). Refleksi Kekuasaan Konstitusional Presiden Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Kompilasi Hukum, 7(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v7i1.92
Putri, N. D., Triadi, I., & Madjid, M. A. (2025). Postponement of General Elections in Crisis Situations: Legal Analysis, History, and Implications for Democracy. Justisi, 11(3). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33506/js.v11i3.4787
Rahmita, F. A., Satria, B. C., Aulia, B. K., & Pertiwi, Y. E. (2023). Meningkatkan Kualitas Pemilu Serentak Tahun 2024 melalui Pemanfaatan Teknologi Digital. Jurnal Kajian Konstitusi, 3(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19184/j.kk.v3i1.39022
Sahidin, I. A., Sibuea, H., & Mau, H. A. (2024). Pengaturan Periodesasi Masa Jabatan Anggota DPR RI dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Sebagai Negara Hukum Demokratis. Blantika Multidiciplinary Journal, 3(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57096/blantika.v3i2.272
Sahidin IA, Sibuea H, M. H. (2024). Pengaturan Periodesasi Masa Jabatan Anggota DPR RI dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia Sebagai Negara Hukum Demokratis. Blantika: Multidisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 168-85.
Satriansyah Den Retno Wardana, Eka N.A.M. Sihombing, T. E. (2023). CONFIGURATION OF A SEGREGATED SIMULTANEOUS ELECTION SYSTEM TO STRENGTHEN THE CHARACTER OF AN INCLUSIVE GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Hukum Replik, 11(2).
Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji. (2021). Penelitian Hukum Normatif (atau Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat). Rajawali Pers.
Supandri. (2023). Implikasi Sistem Pemilihan Umum Serentak di Indonesia. Jurnal Neo Respublica. https://neorespublica.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/202/78
