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Abstract
This research aims to analyze the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and risks of the Free Nutritious Food policy implementation in Indonesia and the Netherlands. In addition, the researcher also compares the findings with the experiences of a number of developed countries that have previously implemented similar policies, in order to assess the extent to which this policy can be adapted in Indonesia. The approach used in this research is normative legal research, which examines legislation, policy documents, and relevant academic literature as the basis for preparing legal arguments related to the feasibility and impact of the program. The focus of the analysis lies on the compatibility of the free lunch policy with the national legal framework, including the identification of the need for regulatory reform if necessary. Through this comparative study, the research also highlights institutional readiness and public support as crucial factors in ensuring the sustainability of the program. The results are expected to provide policy recommendations that are not only socially and economically contextualized, but also aligned with Indonesia's legal system and support the national development agenda.
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References
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References
Arief Sidharta. Tentang Struktur Hukum. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju, 1999.
Bappenas. Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (RPJPN) 2025–2045. Jakarta: Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional, 2024.
Djojosoeparto dan .et.al. “How Can National Government Policies Improve Food Environments in the Netherlands?” International Journal of Public Health 67 (2022): 465–95. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604550.
F.Rees. “What’s for lunch? The content and quality of lunches consumed by Dutch primary schoolchildren.” BMC Public Health 19, no. 1365 (2019): 1–12. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6814114/.
Global Child Nutrition Foundation. “School Meal Programs Around the World: Results from the 2021 Global Survey of School Meal Programs.” 2022. https://gcnf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/School-Meal-Programs-Around-the-World_-Results-from-the-2021-Global-Survey-of-School-Meal-Programs%C2%A9.pdf.
Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden. Artikel 20 dan 22. Den Haag: Dutch Government, 2022.
Hadrian, Endang. “Urgensi Konstitusionalisasi Pangan dalam UUD 1945.” Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia 7, no. 11 (2022): 1423–34.
Hatam, Anindya. “Pemerintah Siapkan Dasar Hukum Program Makan Bergizi Gratis.” Financial Review, 9 Mei 2025.
Indonesia dishes out first free meals in programme targeting 83 million people. Reuters, 6 Januari 2025.
Indonesia to run thousands of kitchens as free meals initiative starts in January. Reuters, 8 Oktober 2024.
Isharyanto. “Penetapan Harga Eceran Tertinggi Komoditas Pangan sebagai Hak Konstitusional dalam Perspektif Negara Kesejahteraan.” Jurnal Konstitusi 15, no. 3 (2018): 525–42.
Keri Pranata, Mohammad Dahlan, dan Ibnu Sam Widodo. “Analisis Konstitusionalitas Hak atas Pangan dalam Perspektif Pasal 12 Ayat (2) Huruf c UU 23/2014.” Brawijaya Law Student Journal, April 2022.
Mark Van Hoecke. “Comparative Legal Research: A Brief Overview.” Afronomicslaw, 24 Januari 2020. https://www.afronomicslaw.org/2020/01/24/comparative-legal-research-a-brief-overview.
Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap. “Pilot Gratis Schoolmaaltijden.” 2023. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/publicaties/2023/04/01/pilot-gratis-schoolmaaltijden.
———. Pilot Gratis Schoolmaaltijden: Subsidieregeling Gezonde Schoolmaaltijden 2023–2026. Den Haag: Rijksoverheid, 2023.
Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport. Covenant on Overweight and Obesity. The Hague: VWS, 2005.
Netherlands: Nutrition Policy Snapshot. 2023. https://www.wcrf.org/policy.
OECD. Revenue Statistics in Asian and Pacific Economies 2023. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2023.
Pemerintah Salurkan Makan Bergizi Gratis (MBG), Ini Sasaran Utama Penerimanya. 2025. https://mediakeuangan.kemenkeu.go.id/article/show/pemerintah-salurkan-makan-bergizi-gratis-mbg-ini-sasaran-utama-penerimanya.
Pers Pangan news. “BGN Minta Kolaborasi Lintas Sektor untuk Keberhasilan MBG.” Pangannews.id, 07017 2025. https://pangannews.id/berita/1750166760/bgn-minta-kolaborasi-lintas-sektor-untuk-keberhasilan-mbg.
Peter Mahfud Marzuki. Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2005.
Presiden Prabowo Dorong Percepatan Program Makan Bergizi Gratis di Indonesia. Siaran pers, presidenri.go.id, t.t.
Red Cross Netherlands and Youth Education Fund. Program Update: Schoolmaaltijden en Evaluatieverslag 2023. Den Haag: Rode Kruis, 2023.
Rijksoverheid. “Structurele middelen voor schoolmaaltijden.” t.t. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl.
Tang, M. J. van der. Wetgeving en Bestuur: De Praktijk van de Algemene Maatregel van Bestuur in het Nederlands Bestuursrecht. Amsterdam: Boom Juridische uitgevers, 2015.
The SMERU Research Institute. Ketimpangan Gizi dan Akses Pangan di Indonesia: Studi Dampak Program Sosial. Jakarta: SMERU, 2023.
Van Ansem, W. J dan .et.al. “School Food Policy at Dutch Primary Schools: Room for Improvement?” BMC Public Health 13, no. 339 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-339.
Wageningen University & Research. Evaluation School Meals Pilot 2023. Wageningen: WUR, 2024.
Wettenbank Overheid. “Algemene Maatregel van Bestuur.” t.t. https://wetten.overheid.nl.
World Bank. Indonesia Public Expenditure Review: Spending for Better Results. Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2022.
Youth Education Fund. “Programma Schoolmaaltijden.” t.t. https://schoolmaaltijden.nl.
